The future of Japanese encephalitis vaccination: expert recommendations for achieving and maintaining optimal JE control
Kirsten Vannice, Susan L. Hills, Lauren M. Schwartz, Alan D.T. Barrett, James D. Heffelfinger, Joachim Hombach, G. William Letson, Tom Solomon, Anthony A. Marfin, the Japanese encephalitis vaccination experts panel, Katie Anderson, Marc Fischer, Kim R. Fox, Julie Jacobson, Jayantha Liyanage, Florian Marks, Ike Ogbuanu, Piyanit Tharmaphornpilas
Abstract
Vaccines against Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been available for decades. Currently, most JE-endemic countries have vaccination programs for their at-risk populations. Even so, JE remains the leading recognized cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. In 2018, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and PATH co-convened a group of independent experts to review JE prevention and control successes, identify remaining scientific and operational issues that need to be addressed, discuss opportunities to further strengthen JE vaccination programs, and identify strategies and solutions to ensure sustainability of JE control during the next decade. This paper summarizes the key discussion points and recommendations to sustain and expand JE control.