Emotional Regulation and Diabetes Distress in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Emil F. Coccaro, Sophie A. Lazarus, Joshua J. Joseph, Kathline Wyne, Tina Drossos, Louis Phillipson, Mary de Groot
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlates of diabetes-related distress (DD) with psychometrically valid assessments of emotional regulation in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: = 298) were assessed for psychological issues possibly associated with diabetes and were further evaluated with measures of negative emotional experience (ER-Exp) and skill at regulating such experiences (ER-Skill) and measures of DD, perceived psychosocial stress, diabetes literacy, and diabetes self-care. RESULTS: ER-Exp was directly related to DD, while ER-Skill was inversely related to DD. Together, these ER variables displayed a medium-size relationship (β = 0.45) with DD. Inclusion of variables related to diabetes self-care and perceived psychosocial stress was associated with only an 18% reduction (i.e., β = 0.45 to β = 0.38) in the strength of this relationship, while the magnitude of relationships between DD and perceived psychosocial stress (β = 0.15) and diabetes self-care (β = -0.09) was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that DD is meaningfully linked with negative emotionality, and skill at regulating such emotions, in adults with diabetes. This relationship appears to be stronger than that between DD and perceived psychological stress or diabetes self-care. If so, DD (and possibly A1C) may be improved in those with diabetes and difficulties with negative emotionality.