Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves
Murugan Prasathkumar, Kannan Raja, Krishnan Vasanth, Ameer Khusro, Subramaniam Sadhasivam, Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada, Mohamed Ragab Abdel Gawwad, Dunia A. Al Farraj, Mohamed S. Elshikh
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine total phytochemical components as well as in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves extract. Among different solvent extracts tested, methanolic extract revealed maximum alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolic, and tannin contents of 90.41 ± 0.15 mg atropine equivalent/g, 156.64 ± 0.97 mg quercetin equivalent/g, 155.44 ± 1.65 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and 121.31 ± 2.34 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was determined against indicator pathogens using agar well diffusion assay which exhibited potential activity against Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of methanolic extract were analyzed using standard methodologies. The extract exhibited potential antioxidant traits by scavenging ABTS (IC50 value − 224.2 µg/mL) and DPPH (IC50 value − 76.24 µg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner. Further, the extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activities at varied doses with IC50 value of 55.7 µg/mL. The methanolic extract exhibited promising rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values of 49.45 and 38.72 µg/mL, respectively. Further, the extract showed no toxicity on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines (99.66 ± 0.14% cell viability). Most importantly, the treatment of cell monolayer of L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines with methanolic extract showed high rate (100%) of wound healing trait. GC–MS analysis of methanolic extract revealed the presence of Mome inositol, 13-Docosenamide, (Z)-, Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl-, and Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester as predominant compounds. In conclusion, the biological properties of S. auriculata leaves suggested its vast role as ideal antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing agents in future.