IoT-Associated Impedimetric Biosensing for Point-of-Care Monitoring of Kidney Health
Sumedha Nitin Prabhu, Chinthaka P. Gooneratne, Ky-Anh Hoang, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis of a disease is important for better revival. Kidney function can be qualitatively as well as quantitatively checked by monitoring levels of creatinine in urine or serum samples. Thus, fast, portable, cost and time-effective Point-of-Care (PoC) devices are in high demand. In the current paper, an Internet of Thing (IoT) - associated creatinine specific, precise, fast, cost and time-effective PoC diagnostic device for the monitoring of creatinine levels from serum is presented. An interdigital sensor coated with creatinine selective Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for determining capacitance and resistive properties of the sample under test. A low power microcontroller-associated diagnostic device was manufactured for the quantitative measuring of creatinine levels from serum which transfers data to an IoT-associated cloud server. The collected data can be stockpiled and it is accessible to concern oncologist/ nephrologist located over distance for a long-distance patient healthcare facility. The developed sensing system covers a wide range of 5 - 12 ppm (normal) up to 50 ppm (highest upper limit of detection) which is over thrice the acceptable creatinine range in serum levels. It is suitable for prognostic and prophylactic PoC care facility for kidney disease patients. The presented biosensor system is fast, easy, handy but sensitive detection testing by using the presented PoC diagnostic device and the verification of the device is performed using standard Creatinine Colorimetric Assay Kit.