Indirect evidence of Bi3+ valence change and dual role of Bi3+ in trapping electrons and holes for multimode X-ray imaging, anti-counterfeiting, and non-real-time force sensing
Tianshuai Lyu, P. Dorenbos, Zhanhua Wei
Topics & Concepts
Materials scienceLuminescencePersistent luminescenceValence (chemistry)PhosphorAfterglowThermoluminescenceElectronTrappingCathodoluminescenceDopingOptoelectronicsChemistryPhysicsEcologyBiologyQuantum mechanicsOrganic chemistryGamma-ray burstAstronomyLuminescence Properties of Advanced MaterialsRadiation Detection and Scintillator TechnologiesAdvanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials