Synthesis of Novel Glycolipid Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate and Their Application in Colorectal Cancer Treatment in a Mouse Model
Sam Spijkers‐Shaw, Katrin Campbell, Nicholas J. Shields, John H. Miller, Phillip M. Rendle, Wanting Jiao, Sarah L. Young, Olga V. Zubkova
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated natural carbohydrate that plays crucial roles in cancer, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Heparanase (HPSE) is the sole HS degrading endoglycosidase that cleaves HS at structure-dependent sites along the polysaccharide chain. Overexpression of HPSE by cancer cells correlates with increased tumor size and enhanced metastasis. Previously we have shown that a tetramer HS mimetic is a potent HPSE inhibitor displaying remarkable anticancer activity in vivo. Building on that work, we report the synthesis and testing of a novel library of single entity trimer glycolipid mimetics that effectively inhibit HPSE at low nanomolar concentrations. A lipophilic arm was introduced to assess whether an improvement of pharmacokinetics and plasma residence time would offset the reduction in charge and multivalency. Preclinical tests in a mouse syngeneic model showed effective tumor growth inhibition by the tetramer but not the trimer glycomimetic.