Expression of GLUT3 and HIF‐1<i>α</i> in Meningiomas of Various Grades Correlated with Peritumoral Brain Edema
Tao Mei, Zhengjun Wang, Jianwu Wu, Xianhua Liu, Wei Tao, Shousen Wang, Fuyong Chen
Abstract
Aim . To investigate the expression of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 α protein (HIF‐1 α ) in meningiomas and analyze the correlation between GLUT3 and HIF‐1 α expression with the pathological grade of peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) of meningiomas. Methods . In this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed meningioma specimens from 160 patients collected from January 1, 2014, to December 1, 2017, by dividing them into a low‐grade (WHO I) or high‐grade (WHO II and WHO III) group. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect the expression level of GLUT3 and HIF‐1 α in the tumor specimens. Results . The proportion of GLUT3‐positive staining in tumors sized <4 cm, 4–6 cm, and>6 cm was 35.9% (37/103), 63.6% (28/44), and 53.8% (7/13), respectively ( P = 0.007). The proportion of HIF‐1 α ‐positive staining in tumors sized <4 cm, 4–6 cm, and >6 cm was 41.7% (43/103), 68.2% (30/44), and 38.5% (5/13), respectively ( P = 0.010). The proportion of GLUT3‐positive staining in the high‐grade group and low‐grade group was 70.8% (34/48) and 33.9% (38/112), respectively ( P < 0.001). The proportion of HIF‐1 α ‐positive staining in the high‐grade group and low‐grade group was 62.5% (30/48) and 42.9% (48/112), respectively ( P = 0.023). GLUT3‐positive expression in meningioma PTBE grades 0, I, II, and III was 20.3% (13/64), 41.2% (14/34), 63.6% (21/33), and 82.8% (24/29), respectively (Bonferroni‐corrected, P < 0.001, α /6 = 0.008). HIF‐1 α ‐positive expression in meningioma PTBE grades 0, I, II, and III was 34.4% (22/64), 47.1% (16/34), 54.5% (18/33), and 75.9% (22/29), respectively (Bonferroni‐corrected, P = 0.003, α /6 = 0.008). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the expression of GLUT3 and HIF‐1 α in meningiomas ( r = 0.463, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that GLUT3‐positive expression, HIF‐1 α ‐positive expression, and high pathological grade were associated with the development of PTBE ( P < 0.05). Conclusions . GLUT3 and HIF‐1 α expression in meningiomas was closely related to the tumor size, pathological grade, and PTBE. This study is the first to report a unique map‐like multifocal GLUT3 staining pattern in meningiomas.