Design and fabrication of a semi-transparent solar cell considering the effect of the layer thickness of MoO3/Ag/MoO3 transparent top contact on optical and electrical properties
Çağlar Çetinkaya, Erman Çokduygulular, Barış Kınacı, Feyza Güzelçimen, Yunus Özen, Halil İbrahim Efkere, İdris Candan, Serkan Emik, Süleyman Özçelik
Abstract
Abstract We conducted the present study to design and manufacture a semi-transparent organic solar cell (ST-OSC). First, we formed a transparent top contact as MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 in a dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) structure. We performed the production of an FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 ST-OSC by integrating MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 (10/ $$d_{m}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> / $$d_{{od}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>od</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> nm) instead of an Ag electrode in an opaque FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO 3 /Ag (–/40/130/10/100 nm) OSC, after theoretically achieving optimal values of optical and electrical parameters depending on Ag layer thickness. The transparency decreased with the increase of $$d_{m}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> values for current DMD. Meanwhile, maximum transmittance and average visible transmittance (AVT) indicated the maximum values of over 92% for $$d_{m} ~$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> = 4 and 8 nm, respectively. For ST-OSCs, the absorption and reflectance increased in the visible region by a wavelength of longer than 560 nm and in the whole near-infrared region by increasing $$d_{m}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> up to 16 nm. Moreover, in the CIE chromaticity diagram, we reported a shift towards the D65 Planckian locus for colour coordinates of current ST-OSCs. Electrical analysis indicated the photogenerated current density and AVT values for $$d_{m} = 6$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nm as 63.30 mA/cm 2 and 38.52%, respectively. Thus, the theoretical and experimental comparison of optical and electrical characteristics confirmed that the manufactured structure is potentially conducive for a high-performance ST-OSC.