Electrospun MXene–Sericin nanofibers for carbonated recycled aggregates: Toward intelligent, durable, and low-carbon cementitious composites
Zhang NiNi, Somayeh Sharafi Zamir, Rasuljon Tojiyev, Abdurashid Mamirov, Muborak Khamrakulova, Yunus Karimov, Kobiljon Tursunov, Latifjon Kosimov, Monireh Faraji
Abstract
The environmental impacts of extracting raw materials for construction are an emerging concern. The incorporation of recycled fine aggregates (RFAs) in the production of cement-based composites is gaining significance. RFAs offer environmental advantages in construction materials; yet, they may compromise mechanical properties. This work presents an innovative approach to enhance the performance and sustainability of mortars by using electrospun MXene/sericin (MXS) nanofibers with recycled fine aggregate (RFA). The multifunctional nanofibers were designed to improve carbonation efficiency, mechanical strength , durability, and CO₂ sequestration. The results demonstrate a 15 % increase in compressive strength and a 26 % rise in flexural strength after 28 days with 0.3 wt% MXS, as well as a 40 % reduction in the chloride migration coefficient. The porosity analysis revealed a 28 % reduction in cumulative porosity and a 29 % decrease in effective porosity, while capillary absorption decreased by 18 %. Moreover, CO₂ absorption to a peak of 9.3 kg/ton with 0.3 wt% MXS, indicating enhanced carbonation efficiency. Furthermore, the composites exhibited remarkable electrical conductivity and self-sensing capacities due to the percolating MXene networks, enabling real-time structural monitoring. The results confirm that MXS nanofibers are a feasible enhancement for developing high-performance, low-carbon cementitious systems that offer mechanical strength , durability, environmental benefits, and integrated intelligence.