Dioxins and their impact: a review of toxicity, persistence, and novel remediation strategies
Nikhila Mathew, Arvindh Somanathan, Abha Tirpude, Anupama M. Pillai, Pabitra Mondal, Tanvir Arfin
Abstract
. Globally, dioxin production is estimated at 17 226 kilograms annually, equating to about 287 kilograms in toxic equivalent (TEQ). This review critically examines the severe health implications of dioxins, which include carcinogenic effects, endocrine disruption, and immunotoxicity. Innovative remediation strategies, such as using nanomaterials for adsorption and advanced oxidation processes, are identified as promising pathways to tackle this pressing issue. Ultimately, this review underscores the necessity for enhanced monitoring systems and comprehensive policy frameworks to facilitate sustainable dioxin management and regulatory compliance. Taking decisive action is vital to protect public health and the environment from the ongoing threat posed by dioxins.