Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Methanol Extract of Varthemia iphionoides
Ghada Al Assi, Anas Al-Bashaereh, Ahmad Alsarayreh, Yaseen Al Qaisi, Ibrahem Almajali, Khaled M. Khleifat, Moath Alqaraleh, Haitham Qaralleh, Ibrahim Alfarrayeh
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent an essential source of active biological compounds. The current study examined the methanol extract of V. iphionoides for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against six bacterial strains (Staphylococcus xyloses, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Achromabacter xylosoxidans, and Pseudomonas aerugenosa). V. iphionoides extract showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus xylosus followed by, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 33, 33, and 11 µg/ml, respectively. However, the extract did not show any antibacterial activity against the other bacterial strains. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was evaluated using ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays, and the Trolox equivalents were 93±0.31 and 84.8±0.28 mg Trolox/g plant extract, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced mice was investigated by measuring the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL 1beta, and antioxidant enzyme catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The results demonstrated that the highest concentration of V. iphionoides extract was the most efficient. Anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited by reducing the concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL 1 beta and reducing the concentrations of antioxidant enzyme catalase and glutathione peroxidase compared to the negative control group.