Collective Intelligence Using 5G: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Sociotechnical Environments
Arun Narayanan, Mohamed Selim Korium, Dick Carrillo, Hafiz Majid Hussain, Arthur S. de Sena, Pedro E. Gória Silva, Daniel Gutiérrez-Rojas, Mehar Ullah, Ali Esmaeel Nezhad, Mehdi Rasti, Evangelos Pournaras, Pedro H. J. Nardelli
Abstract
Distributed intelligence is a well-known approach for optimizing interactions among numerous smart devices that interconnect and operate together as Internet of Things (IoT) systems. A modern form of human-machine <i>collective intelligence</i> emerges when humans interact with IoT systems in sociotechnical environments such as smart homes. Fifth-generation (5G) communication networks are designed for high-speed reliable wireless connectivity and expected to boost IoT and (distributed) collective intelligence by revolutionizing human–device–human interactions. In this paper, we contribute a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art sociotechnical environments that exhibit collective intelligence, supported by 5G-enabled IoT. We discuss the latest developments in 5G and their implications for collective intelligence. Further, we explain the key challenges for using 5G to support collective intelligence, e.g., data processing, security, and radio resource management. Finally, we describe four practical applications of collective intelligence to sociotechnical environments—road traffic control, unmanned aerial vehicles, electrical load demand response, and augmented democracy.