Analysis of the Fuel Properties of the Seed Shell of the Neem Plant (Azadirachta indica)
Francisco Simão Neto, Maria Melo Neta, Ana Sousa, Luana Damasceno, Bruna Sousa, Samuel Lucas Santos Medeiros, Rafael Leandro Fernandes Melo, Ada Amélia Sanders Lopes, José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos, Maria Alexsandra de Sousa Rios
Abstract
The energetic potential of the seed shell of the Neem plant (Azadirachta indica) was investigated using proximate analysis, Higher Heating Value (HHV), thermal analysis (TG-DTG and DSC) in inert and oxidative atmospheres, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results of ash (3.80% ± 0.44), volatile matter (81.76% ± 1.30), fixed carbon (14.44% ± 1.74), and estimated HHV (18.791 MJ/kg: average value) are compatible with other biomasses already used as fuels in the bioenergy industry. Thermograms showed three main degradation events in synthetic air and two in nitrogen, attributed to the moisture, release of volatile materials, and decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The elements positively detected by the XRF were Ca, K, S, P, Fe, Ti, Zn, Rb, and Sr.