Compositional Gradient of Mixed Halide 2D Perovskite Interface Boosts Outdoor Stability of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Matteo Degani, Riccardo Pallotta, Giovanni Pica, Masoud Karimipour, Alessandro J. Mirabelli, Kyle Frohna, Miguel Anaya, Tianyu Xu, Chang‐Qi Ma, Samuel D. Stranks, Mónica Lira Cantú, Giulia Grancini
Abstract
Abstract Interface engineering using self‐assembled 2D perovskite interfaces is a consolidated route to efficient and durable perovskite solar cells. Whether the 2D perovskite forms a homogeneous conformal layer or is heterogeneously distributed on the surface, interface defects are passivated, leading to a general improvement in the device's open circuit voltage (V OC ) and stability. Here, an innovative strategy is developed for manipulating the composition of the 2D/3D perovskite interface that results in the formation of a gradient halide distribution, which extends from the surface to the bulk. The use of a bromide‐based 2D perovskite triggers a progressive Br/I exchange, affecting not only the surface but also the perovskite underneath. As a result, not only the device V OC improve, as expected, but also the photogenerated current is boosted, leading to a device efficiency of up to 24.4%. Such mixed halide gradient effectively passivates surface and bulk defects making the perovskite active layer more efficient and robust, as demonstrated by the superior device stability showing zero losses in performances upon 36 days (more than 800 h) test in outdoor conditions, those ones relevant for a marketable product.