A Brief Overview: Sex Differences in Prevalent Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions
Demario S. Overstreet, Larissa J. Strath, Mackensie Jordan, Indonesia A. Jordan, Joanna Hobson, Michael A. Owens, Adrian Williams, Robert R. Edwards, Samantha M. Meints
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain disorders are some of the most prevalent and disabling chronic pain conditions worldwide. These chronic conditions have a considerable impact on the quality of life of individuals, families, communities, and healthcare systems. Unfortunately, the burden of MSK pain disorders does not fall equally across the sexes. Females consistently demonstrate more prevalent and severe clinical presentations of MSK disorders, and this disparity increases in magnitude with age. The aim of the present article is to review recent studies that have examined sex differences between males and females in four of the most common MSK pain disorders: neck pain, low back pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.