Cutting-edge nanotherapeutics: silver nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin for powerful antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic action against resistant pathogenic bacteria
Ibtissam Laib, Hamdi Ali Mohammed, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abderrhmane Bouafia, Mahmood M. S. Abdullah, Hamad A. Al‐Lohedan, Qudama Al-Essa, Tomasz Trzepieciński
Abstract
Abstract The rise of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria poses a critical challenge to global healthcare, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study addresses this gap by developing ciprofloxacin-loaded silver nanoparticles (CIP@Ag NPs), combining robust antibacterial efficacy with additional therapeutic benefits. CIP@Ag NPs were synthesised and characterised through UV–visible spectroscopy, revealing a distinct redshift to 401 nm and a reduced band gap of 2.24 eV, enhancing their photocatalytic and bioactive properties. Structural and morphological integrity was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The nanoparticles exhibited remarkable multifunctionality, with 84% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and a fourfold increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to bare Ag NPs. Anti-inflammatory activity was evidenced by 86.43% inhibition of egg albumin denaturation at 800 μg/ml. Additionally, CIP@Ag NPs demonstrated potent antidiabetic effects, achieving 73% α-amylase and 68% α-glucosidase inhibition at 60 μg/ml. Antibacterial assays of CIP@Ag NPs showed significant improvement, with inhibition zones of up to 34 mm against multidrug-resistant strains like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, surpassing the efficacy of both Ag NPs and ciprofloxacin individually. These findings underscore the potential of CIP@Ag NPs as a multifunctional nanoplatform, offering a promising solution to combat antibiotic resistance while addressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and diabetes-related complications.