Interpreting the Results of Intention-to-Treat, Per-Protocol, and As-Treated Analyses of Clinical Trials
Valerie A. Smith, Cynthia J. Coffman, Michael G. Hudgens
Abstract
This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods describes how intention-to-treat, per-protocol, and as-treated approaches to analysis differ with regard to the patient population and treatment assignments and their implications for interpretation of treatment effects in clinical trials.
Topics & Concepts
MedicineProtocol (science)Clinical trialPopulationInterpretation (philosophy)Medical physicsIntensive care medicineAlternative medicineInternal medicinePathologyEnvironmental healthProgramming languageComputer scienceStatistical Methods in Clinical TrialsHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeAdvanced Causal Inference Techniques