Optochemical control of slow-wave sleep in the nucleus accumbens of male mice by a photoactivatable allosteric modulator of adenosine A2A receptors
Koustav Roy, Xuzhao Zhou, Rintaro Otani, Pingchuan Yuan, Shuji Ioka, Kaspar E. Vogt, Tamae Kondo, Nouran H T Farag, Haruto Ijiri, Zhaofa Wu, Youhei Chitose, Mao Amezawa, David S. Uygun, Yoan Chérasse, Hiroshi Nagase, Yulong Li, Masashi Yanagisawa, Manabu Abe, Radhika Basheer, Yi‐Qun Wang, Tsuyoshi Saitoh, Michael Lazarus
Abstract
Abstract Optochemistry, an emerging pharmacologic approach in which light is used to selectively activate or deactivate molecules, has the potential to alleviate symptoms, cure diseases, and improve quality of life while preventing uncontrolled drug effects. The development of in-vivo applications for optochemistry to render brain cells photoresponsive without relying on genetic engineering has been progressing slowly. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a region for the regulation of slow-wave sleep (SWS) through the integration of motivational stimuli. Adenosine emerges as a promising candidate molecule for activating indirect pathway neurons of the NAc expressing adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A Rs) to induce SWS. Here, we developed a brain-permeable positive allosteric modulator of A 2A Rs (A 2A R PAM) that can be rapidly photoactivated with visible light (λ > 400 nm) and used it optoallosterically to induce SWS in the NAc of freely behaving male mice by increasing the activity of extracellular adenosine derived from astrocytic and neuronal activity.