The Application of Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate the Triterpenoid Content Extracted from Vietnamese <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> with the Examination by Gas Chromatography
Tran Do Dat, Nguyen Duc Viet, Phan Le Thao My, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Vuong Hoai Thanh, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, Ngô Thị Thùy Linh, Hoàng Minh Nam, Mai Thanh Phong, Nguyễn Hữu Hiếu
Abstract
Abstract In this study, to investigate the extraction of triterpenoids from the Vietnamese red G. lucidum by ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method using ethanol as a solvent, the determination of the four single factors influence on the triterpenoid content including liquid‐to‐solid ratio, extraction power, extraction temperature, and extraction time was carried out for the performance of experiments on simultaneous effects by Central Composite design. The results showed that based on ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy analysis, the highest yield of triterpenoids could be achieved with value of 18.3751 mg/g under optimal extraction conditions including extraction time of 60 min, ultrasonic power of 360 W, liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 38 : 1 mL/g, and ultrasonic temperature of 48 °C. To determine the characteristics of the obtained extract, the Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and the thermogravimetric analyzer were employed in this study. Besides, for antioxidant capacity evaluation, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, H 2 O 2 scavenging assay, and the ABTS radical cation decolorization assay were carried out whereas the anticancer evaluation results denoted the potential for anticancer agents of G. lucidum extract. Therefore, it could be concluded that UAE is a promising method for triterpenoid extraction with antioxidant properties.