Structural basis of selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation
Xiaoting Li, Hao Chang, Jara Bouma, Laura V. de Paus, Partha Mukhopadhyay, János Pálóczi, Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa, Cas van der Horst, Sanjay Sunil Kumar, Lijie Wu, Yanan Yu, Richard J. B. H. N. van den Berg, Antonius P. A. Janssen, Aron H. Lichtman, Zhi‐Jie Liu, Pál Pacher, Mario van der Stelt, Laura H. Heitman, Tian Hua
Abstract
Abstract Cannabinoid CB 2 receptor (CB 2 R) agonists are investigated as therapeutic agents in the clinic. However, their molecular mode-of-action is not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery of LEI-102, a CB 2 R agonist, used in conjunction with three other CBR ligands (APD371, HU308, and CP55,940) to investigate the selective CB 2 R activation by binding kinetics, site-directed mutagenesis, and cryo-EM studies. We identify key residues for CB 2 R activation. Highly lipophilic HU308 and the endocannabinoids, but not the more polar LEI-102, APD371, and CP55,940, reach the binding pocket through a membrane channel in TM1-TM7. Favorable physico-chemical properties of LEI-102 enable oral efficacy in a chemotherapy-induced nephropathy model. This study delineates the molecular mechanism of CB 2 R activation by selective agonists and highlights the role of lipophilicity in CB 2 R engagement. This may have implications for GPCR drug design and sheds light on their activation by endogenous ligands.