Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring
Sameh O. Abdellatif, A. Gouda Moustafa, Khalid Ahmed, Rami Ghannam
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of hypertension necessitates continuous blood pressure monitoring. This can be safely and painlessly achieved using non-invasive wearable electronic devices. However, the integration of analog, digital, and power electronics into a single system poses significant challenges. Therefore, we demonstrated a comprehensive multi-scale simulation of a sensor-on-chip that was based on a capacitive pressure sensor. Two analog interfacing circuits were proposed for a full-scale operation ranging from 0 V to 5 V, enabling efficient digital data processing. We also demonstrated the integration of lead-free perovskite solar cells as a mechanism for self-powering the sensor. The proposed system exhibits varying sensitivity from 1.4 × 10−3 to 0.095 (kPa)−1, depending on the pressure range of measurement. In the most optimal configuration, the system consumed 50.5 mW, encompassing a 6.487 mm2 area for the perovskite cell and a CMOS layout area of 1.78 × 1.232 mm2. These results underline the potential for such sensor-on-chip designs in future wearable health-monitoring technologies. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of wearable health-monitoring technologies by presenting a novel approach to self-powered blood pressure monitoring through the integration of capacitive pressure sensors, analog interfacing circuits, and lead-free perovskite solar cells.