Through the Maze of Multivalent‐Ion Batteries: A Critical Review on the Status of the Research on Cathode Materials for Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Ions Insertion
Fabio Maroni, Saustin Dongmo, Cornelius Gauckler, Mario Marinaro, Margret Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens
Abstract
Abstract This review aims to address the status of transition metal‐based cathode materials for Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ‐based multivalent‐ion batteries on a critical standpoint, providing a comprehensive overview. Multivalent‐based ions battery (MIB) technologies are among the most promising post‐lithium electrochemical energy storage devices currently studied, but they still fall short in several aspects due to their early stage of research. In addition, difficult experimental conditions related to the electrolyte systems and the cathode materials require an additional quote of care when performing experiments. In this review, a global approach is undertaken, from an introduction to electrolytes to the studied insertion parameters that allow a fast (de)insertion of multivalent ions. Then, the currently studied structural classes of cathode materials and a critical comment on data reporting, which are among the focal points of the actual state‐of‐the‐art research, are thoroughly discussed.