Innovations in electrospinning techniques for nanomaterial synthesis and their applications in the field of active food packaging

Abstract

• Advancements in electrospinning techniques such as coaxial, emulsion, and edge electrospinning. • Methods of oil encapsulation and its release mechanisms. • Nanofibers encapsulate antimicrobials, antioxidants to extend food shelf by reducing spoilage. • Nanofibers with pH and gas sensors in packaging, enable real-time monitoring of food quality. • Comparison of electrospinning with other methods of nanofabrication like template synthesis, freeze drying, phase separation, etc. Electrospinning is an innovative and versatile technique that can synthesize nanomaterials with unique properties and applications, particularly in post-harvest technology. Electrospinning uses very high voltage to create fine fibers from polymeric solutions or melts, resulting in nanomaterials with high surface area-to-volume ratios, enhanced mechanical properties, and controlled porosity. These attributes of electrospun nanomaterials are highly suitable for a range of post-harvest applications including active packaging and preservation. Electrospun nanofibers loaded with active compounds like essential oils can be incorporated into films, to enhance barrier properties against moisture, gases, and microorganisms thereby extending the shelf-life of horticultural commodities and perishable foods. The major application of nanofibers in the field of post-harvest technology is microbial control. Food spoilage is primarily caused by the growth and activity of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, and molds. Encapsulation of antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, and absorbers into the nanofiber matrix can prevent food spoilage and food-borne illness. Nanofibers encapsulated with active compounds with certain functional properties can be used as carriers for the controlled release of preservatives, ensuring the freshness and quality of agricultural produce. This review presents novel formulations and composite materials that offer improved mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties. The applications extend to intelligent packaging with sensor capabilities, monitoring real-time food quality. Emphasis has been given to the usage of biodegradable polymers and eco-friendly techniques, addressing concerns related to plastic pollution and toxicity, which is a relatively new focus in the context of active food packaging.

Topics & Concepts