Copperas as Iron-Based Coagulant for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Nurul Aqilah, Sofiah Hamzah, M. M. A. Hakim, Che Harun, Asmadi Ali, Nazaitulshila Rasit, Mohamad Awang, Wan Rafizah, Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman, Alyza Azzura, Abd Rahman Azmi, Mohd Salleh, Amri Zahid, Ahmad Ariff, Fahmi Mustofa, Ahmed Sa'adah, Suhaimi Mohd Aripin, Rozano Saad, Rozano Saad, P Huang, S Deng, Z Zhang, X Wang, X Chen, X Yang, L Yang, H Beddow, S Black, D Read, M Gzquez, J Bolvar, R Garcia-Tenorio, F Vaca, G Nayak, M Trivedi, A Branton, D Trivedi, S Jana, M Trivedi, S Jana, A Leary, L Barthe, T Clavel, C Sanchez, M Oulmi-Castel, B Paillard, J Edmond, V Brunner, R Gonciarz, A Renslo, J Cheng, A Kenaan, D Zhao, D Qi, J Song, Y Tao, B Jiang, X Yang, X Ma, Z Chen, X Wang, Y Wang, W Zhang, Z Zhu, C Cheng, T Chernet, N Guskos, G Papadopoulos, V Likodimos, S Patapis, D Yarmis, A Przepiera, K Przepiera, J Majszczyk, J Typek, M Wabia, K Aidinis, Z Drazek, Photoacoustic, H Hahn, E Hoffmann, H Odegaard, G Schwantes, A Trachet, S Bai, S Wen, C Lv, X Li, Z Lei, J Qu, Z Li, X Zhou, Q Zhang, W Wang, Y Shu, H Xiang, D Xu, P Zhang, G Ren, Y Zhong
Abstract
Ferrous sulfate, known as copperas, is generated from the titanium dioxide manufacturing industries. This by-product has been used in cement processing, agriculture, animal feed sector, printing industries, and water treatment. The coagulation/flocculation process is one of the treatment processes that can be used in this type of chemical coagulant in treating the water or wastewater sample. Considering the coagulation/flocculation process factor, copperas may be a coagulant that gives high removal efficiency. The main objective of the review is to identify the performance of copperas or a combination of copperas with other treatment or chemicals to unlocking its potential in the coagulation/flocculation process.