Flash Chemistry Approach to Organometallic <i>C</i>-Glycosylation for the Synthesis of Remdesivir
Timo von Keutz, Jason D. Williams, C. Oliver Kappe
Abstract
In a rapidly changing environment, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, continuous flow reactors bear the potential to increase the production of urgently needed active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on demand. In the synthesis of remdesivir, the organometallic C-glycosylation step was identified as a limitation for the large-scale production, requiring long addition periods and cryogenic temperatures. Previous studies have focused on a Grignard-based protocol, but a flash chemistry approach, using organolithium reagents, has facilitated significant improvements. After gaining further understanding of the C-glycosylation, this step was successfully transferred to a five-stream continuous flow process, achieving 60% yield at a moderate temperature (−30 °C) in a total residence time of just 8 s. Stable processing was demonstrated for 2 h, providing an exceptionally high space–time yield of 10.4 kg L–1 h–1, in a scalable flow reactor system.