Vitamin D deficiency and oral health: a systematic review of literature
Saida Ziada, Aws Wishahe, Najet Aguir Mabrouk, Souad Sahtout
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) levels are gaining increasing interest in dentistry due to their association with several oral diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and various oral disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search on the MEDLINE database via the PubMed interface and on the Spring Link platform was carried out using keywords related to the subject. An additional electronic search of gray literature was conducted via Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were listed for the selection of articles and a reading grid was designed for the extraction of data relating to the research question. The quality of included studies was assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tools. RESULTS: A total of 57 studies were identified. After reading the full text, 16 studies were included and selected for qualitative analysis. There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and different oral disorders. Indeed, ten publications assessed the association between vitamin deficiency and periodontal disease, three examined the relationship between vitamin D deficit and dental caries, and one examined the intriguing relationship between vitamin D deficiency and tooth mineralization and two articles interested in vitamin D deficiency and stomatitis. CONCLUSION: The analysis of these selected articles shows that Vitamin D deficiency can lead to various oral health disorders during growth and adulthood. Indeed, it can be linked to tooth mineralization defects and increasing the risk of dental caries. Severe Vitamin D deficiency also increases the prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation. It may also be linked to certain oral pathology entities, such as oral cancers and jaw osteonecrosis.