Ru–MnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Interaction for Efficient Hydrodeoxygenation of Levulinic Acid and Its Derivatives
Yong Liu, Canshuo Gu, Lungang Chen, Wenguang Zhou, Yuhe Liao, Chenguang Wang, Longlong Ma
Abstract
Metal–oxide interaction was widely observed in supported metal catalysts, playing a significant role in tuning the catalytic performance. Here, we reported that the interaction of Ru and MnO x was able to facilitate the hydrodeoxygenation of levulinic acid (LA) to 2-butanol with a high turnover frequency (1.99 × 10 6 h –1 ), turnover number (4411), and yield (98.8%). Moreover, this catalyst was capable of removing the hydroxymethyl group of lactones and diol with high yields of products. The high activity of the Ru–MnO x catalyst was due to the strong Ru–MnO x interaction, which facilitated reduction of Ru oxide to Ru 0 and Mn oxide to Mn 2+ . The increased fractions of Ru 0 and Mn 2+ provided metal and Lewis acid sites, respectively, and therefore facilitated LA hydrodeoxygenation. A linear correlation between the hydrodeoxygenation activity of the Ru–MnO x catalyst and [Mn 2+ ]ln([Ru 0 ]) was observed.