Changes in Circulating Cytokines and Adipokines After RYGB in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Petros Katsogiannos, Prasad G. Kamble, Maria J. Pereira, Magnus Sundbom, Per‐Ola Carlsson, Jan W. Eriksson, Daniel Espes
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare cytokine and adipokine levels in patients with obesity with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline and 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with healthy controls. METHODS: were compared with 25 healthy controls without obesity. Cytokines, adipokines, and peptides of relevance for inflammation and metabolism were analyzed in plasma. RESULTS: were observed. At baseline, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IFN-β, IL-18, leptin, and hepatocyte growth factor were higher in all patients with obesity compared with healthy controls. In patients without T2D, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-15, and visfatin were also increased, whereas bone morphogenic protein-4 was decreased. Following RYGB, IL-6 and hepatocyte growth factor were still increased in both groups compared with controls. In T2D patients, IFN-β, IL-27, IL-1α, IL-2, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A, visfatin, and osteopontin were found to be increased. In patients without T2D, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-15, leptin, and visfatin remained increased. CONCLUSIONS: The altered cytokine profile of patients with obesity persisted after RYGB despite large weight loss and improved metabolic status, thus reflecting an inherent inflammatory state.