An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on the prevention of opioid‐related harm in adult surgical patients
Nicholas Levy, Jane Quinlan, Kariem El‐Boghdadly, William Fawcett, Vandana Agarwal, Ruth Bastable, Felicia Cox, Hans D. de Boer, Sean C. Dowdy, Kim Hattingh, Roger Knaggs, Edward R. Mariano, Paolo Pelosi, Michael J. Scott, Dileep N. Lobo, Pamela E. Macintyre
Abstract
This international multidisciplinary consensus statement was developed to provide balanced guidance on the safe peri-operative use of opioids in adults. An international panel of healthcare professionals evaluated the literature relating to postoperative opioid-related harm, including persistent postoperative opioid use; opioid-induced ventilatory impairment; non-medical opioid use; opioid diversion and dependence; and driving under the influence of prescription opioids. Recommended strategies to reduce harm include pre-operative assessment of the risk of persistent postoperative opioid use; use of an assessment of patient function rather than unidimensional pain scores alone to guide adequacy of analgesia; avoidance of long-acting (modified-release and transdermal patches) opioid formulations and combination analgesics; limiting the number of tablets prescribed at discharge; providing deprescribing advice; avoidance of automatic prescription refills; safe disposal of unused medicines; reducing the risk of opioid diversion; and better education of healthcare professionals, patients and carers. This consensus statement provides a framework for better prescribing practices that could help reduce the risk of postoperative opioid-related harm in adults.