Stimuli-responsive transdermal microneedle patches
Pooyan Makvandi, Rezvan Jamaledin, Guojun Chen, Zahra Baghbantaraghdari, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Concetta Di Natale, Valentina Onesto, Raffaele Vecchione, Jesse Lee, Franklin R. Tay, Paolo A. Netti, Virgilio Mattoli, Ana Jaklenec, Zhen Gu, Róbert Langer
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) patches consisting of miniature needles have emerged as a promising tool to perforate the stratum corneum and translocate biomolecules into the dermis in a minimally invasive manner. Stimuli-responsive MN patches represent emerging drug delivery systems that release cargos on-demand as a response to internal or external triggers. In this review, a variety of stimuli-responsive MN patches for controlled drug release are introduced, covering the mechanisms of action toward different indications. Future opportunities and challenges with respect to clinical translation are also discussed.