Global fungal diversity and distribution patterns within the order Hymenochaetales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota)
Hongjie Zhao, Yinglu Cui, Qiuzhu Guan, Kai Ying Wang, Zhuang Li, GY Zeng, YL Wei, Feng Wu, HS Yuan
Abstract
The taxonomy and phylogeny within the order Hymenochaetales have advanced considerably worldwide, however, knowledge of their global fungal diversity and distribution patterns remains limited. In this study, we compiled a checklist of Hymenochaetales using the Fungal Names Database, and validated the records with MycoBank, Index Fungorum, and authoritative literatures. The result revealed that Hymenochaetales comprises 1,651 species belonging to 101 genera across 18 families, with 25 genera classified as incertae sedis. Among these taxa, the family Hymenochaetaceae has the greatest species richness, encompassing 44 genera and 973 species, which account for 59.12% of all species in the order. The most species-rich genera were Hymenochaete, Xylodon, Fuscoporia, Inonotus, Phylloporia, Fulvifomes, Fomitiporia, Coltricia, Lyomyces, and Tropicoporus. At the continental scale, Asia exhibited the highest species richness, while Africa had the lowest. The number of families, genera, and species shared across the six continents showed a decreasing trend, with Europe and North America displaying the highest similarity, whereas Asia and South America exhibited the lowest. Across climate zones, species richness was highest in temperate zones, followed by tropical, subtropical, and boreal zones. Distribution patterns of Hymenochaetales species across four climatic zones on the six continents demonstrated three main trends: 1) dominance of temperate species, 2) dominance of tropical species, and 3) continuous distributed from temperate to tropical regions. Morphologically, the species were primarily poroid, followed by corticioid, hydnoid, and others. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the global diversity and distribution patterns of the order Hymenochaetales, offering a valuable foundation for resource utilization and ecological conservation.