Recognizing the Basics of Phytochrome-Interacting Factors in Plants for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Shah Saud, Zhenjie Shi, Liangbing Xiong, Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta, Imran Ahmad, Shah Fahad, Jan Banout
Abstract
Phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) belongs to the basic helix-ring-helix (Basic Helix– Loop– Helix, bHLH) type transcription factors, which are involved in multiple biological processes in plants as a "hub" of intracellular signal regulation, PIF not only regulates the growth and development of plants, but also plays an important role in the process of plants resistance to abiotic stresses such as low and high temperatures, shade, drought through different plant hormone signaling pathways that involve numerous plant hormones. Finally, PIF also mediates the defense mechanism of phytochemicals against biological stresses such as diseases and insect pests.