Mild progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after switching from natalizumab to ocrelizumab
Alyssa A Toorop, Zoë YGJ van Lierop, Eva Strijbis, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Axel Petzold, Mike P. Wattjes, Frederik Barkhof, Brigit A. de Jong, Zoé L. E. van Kempen, Joep Killestein
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the disease course of carryover progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) after switching from natalizumab to ocrelizumab in 2 patients with relapsing-remitting MS. METHODS: Two case reports with 1 year of follow-up and retrospective longitudinal measurements of serum neurofilament light (NfL) levels and B-cells. RESULTS: PML was diagnosed 78 days (case 1) and 97 days (case 2) after discontinuation of natalizumab. Both patients developed mild immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) despite B-cell depletion caused by ocrelizumab. NfL levels increased in both patients during PML-IRIS. PML-IRIS lesions stabilized after treatment with mefloquine and mirtazapine, followed by methylprednisolone, and both patients continued therapy with ocrelizumab when B-cells started to repopulate. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course of carryover PML was mild in both patients, suggesting that B-cell depletion possibly did not aggravate PML-IRIS in these 2 patients.