Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Horses
Joost Hordijk, Evangelia Farmakioti, Lidwien A.M. Smit, Birgitta Duim, Haitske Graveland, Mathijs J. P. Theelen, Jaap A. Wagenaar
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are widespread in human and animal populations and in the environment. Many different ESBL variants exist. The dissemination of ESBLs within and between populations and the environment is also largely influenced by genetic mobile elements (e.g., plasmids) that facilitate spread of these ESBLs. In order to identify potential attributable ESBL sources for, e.g., the human population, it is important to identify the different ESBL variants, the bacteria carrying them, and the potential risk factors for ESBL carriage from other potential sources. This nationwide study focuses on ESBL carriage in the open horse population and investigated the molecular characteristics, geographical distribution throughout the Netherlands, and potential risk factors for fecal ESBL carriage in horses. These data can be used for future attribution studies in order to reduce potential transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria between sources.