Combinations of Piperine with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin as a Multifunctional System
Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień, Natalia Rosiak, Ewa Tykarska, Maciej Kozak, Jacek Jenczyk, Piotr Szulc, Joanna Kobus‐Cisowska, Kornelia Lewandowska, Anita Płazińska, Wojciech Płaziński, Judyta Cielecka‐Piontek
Abstract
-glycoprotein inhibition. Low solubility and the associated low bioavailability of piperine limit its potential. The combination of piperine with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) causes a significant increase in its solubility and, consequently, an increase in permeability through gastrointestinal tract membranes and the blood-brain barrier. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize interactions between piperine and HP-β-CD. The observed physicochemical changes should be combined with the process of piperine and CD system formation. Importantly, with an increase in solubility and permeability of piperine as a result of interaction with CD, it was proven to maintain its biological activity concerning the antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay), inhibition of enzymes essential for the inflammatory process and for neurodegenerative changes (hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase).