COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management
Md. Farhad Hossain, Sharifa Hasana, Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Sahab Uddin, Mir Imam Ibne Wahed, Sabarni Sarker, Tapan Behl, Irfan Ullah, Yesmin Begum, Israt Jahan Bulbul, Md. Shah Amran, Md Habibur Rahman, May Bin‐Jumah, Saad Alkahtani, Shaker A. Mousa, Lotfi Aleya, Mohamed M. Abdel‐Daim
Abstract
At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was found at the seafood market of Hubei province in Wuhan, China, and this virus was officially named coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and creates public health concerns as well as significant threats to the economy around the world. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear and there is no effective treatment of this newly life-threatening and devastating virus. Therefore, it is crucial to search for alternative methods that alleviate or inhibit the spread of COVID-19. In this review, we try to find out the etiology, epidemiology, symptoms as well as transmissions of this novel virus. We also summarize therapeutic interventions and suggest antiviral treatments, immune-enhancing candidates, general supplements, and CoV specific treatments that control replication and reproduction of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).