<i>In Situ</i> TEM of Electrochemical Incidents: Effects of Biasing and Electron Beam on Electrochemistry
Chaoya Han, Md Tariqul Islam, Chaoying Ni
Abstract
In situ TEM utilizing specialized holders and MEMS chips allows the investigation of the interaction, evolution, property, and function of nanostructures and devices responding to designed environments and/or stimuli. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress of in situ TEM with a liquid cell and a flow channel for the investigation of interactions among aqueous nanoparticles, electrolytes, and electrodes under the influence of electric bias and electron beam. A focus is made on nanoparticle growth by electrodeposition, particle nucleation induced by electric biasing or electron beam, self-assembly, and electrolyte breakdown. We also outline some future opportunities of in situ TEM with aqueous cells and flow.