Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to SARS-CoV-2
Mitchell V. Palmer, Mathias Martins, Shollie M. Falkenberg, Alexandra Buckley, Leonardo C. Caserta, Patrick K. Mitchell, Eric D. Cassmann, Alicia Rollins, Nancy C. Zylich, Randall W. Renshaw, Cassandra Guarino, Bettina Wagner, Kelly M. Lager, Diego G. Diel
Abstract
Given the presumed zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, the human-animal-environment interface of COVID-19 pandemic is an area of great scientific and public- and animal-health interest. Identification of animal species that are susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate the potential origin of the virus, identify potential reservoirs or intermediate hosts, and define the mechanisms underlying cross-species transmission to humans. Additionally, it may also provide information and help to prevent potential reverse zoonosis that could lead to the establishment of a new wildlife hosts. Our data show that upon intranasal inoculation, white-tailed deer became subclinically infected and shed infectious SARS-CoV-2 in nasal secretions and feces. Importantly, indirect contact animals were infected and shed infectious virus, indicating efficient SARS-CoV-2 transmission from inoculated animals. These findings support the inclusion of wild cervid species in investigations conducted to assess potential reservoirs or sources of SARS-CoV-2 of infection.