Recent Green and Sustainable Pd‐Catalyzed Aminations
John M. Saunders, Kylee B. Dismuke Rodriguez, R.M. Lammert, Jordan R. Yirak, Karthik S. Iyer, Madison J. Wong, Bruce H. Lipshutz
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed aminations, a powerful and commonly employed method of CN bond construction, often rely on unsustainable technologies that utilize egregious organic solvents, high temperatures, long reaction times, and high catalyst loadings, especially of palladium. Only recently there has been a shift toward far greener protocols based on recyclable aqueous media as well as nontraditional organic solvents. In addition, alternatives to batch methods for preparing the same amines have appeared, such as continuous flow and mechanochemistry, which also offer safe and sustainable means of chemical synthesis associated with targets in the fine chemicals industry.