Enhancing paracellular and transcellular permeability using nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain and retinal diseases
Asmaa Khalil, Alexandre Barras, Rabah Boukherroub, Ching‐Li Tseng, David Devos, Thierry Burnouf, Winfried Neuhaus, Sabine Szunerits
Abstract
). However, only a limited increase in therapeutic efficiency has been reported for most systems until now. The purpose of this review is to explore the reasons behind the current failures and to examine the emergence of synthetic and cell-derived nanomaterials and nanotechnological approaches as potential game-changers in enhancing drug delivery to target locations both at and across TJs using innovative concepts. Specifically, we will focus on recent advancements in various nanotechnological strategies enabling the bypassing or temporally opening of TJs to the brain and to the retina, and discuss their advantages and limitations.