Observing Malondialdehyde-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury with a Specific Nanolight
Di Su, Ping Li, Xin Wang, Wei Zhang, Yandi Zhang, Chuanchen Wu, Wen Zhang, Yan Li, Wenjun Tai, Bo Tang
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) is closely related to lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, is prone to addition with biomacromolecules, resulting in a secondary cerebral injury. However, desirable tools for in vivo-determining cerebral MDA are scarce. Thus, we devised innovative polymer carbon dots carbonized by benzoyl hydrazine and named them BH-PCDs. BH-PCDs covered with hydrazine groups directly form from one-pot synthesis. The functional nanoparticle specifically identifies MDA via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism from other similar biological species, especially reactive carbonyl species. BH-PCDs afforded several valuable traits of a simple preparation, a large two-photon absorption cross section, and exceptional biocompatibility, as well as the ability of traversing the blood–brain barrier. Relying on BH-PCDs, we real-time portrayed the increased cerebral MDA under CIRI. Furthermore, combining with a commercial indicator of the superoxide anion (O2•–), an O2•–-regulated MDA level under CIRI was visualized in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated MDA inactivated glutamine synthetase under CIRI, mediating the glutamate level. Overall, we provide a perspective nanolight serviceable for treating CIRI, which could reveal the physiopathology mechanism of brain MDA.