The Value Chain of Sustainable Dual Carbon Sodium Ion Capacitors
Roman Mysyk, Daniel Carriazo, Damien Saurel, María Arnaiz, Olivier Crosnier, Thierry Brousse, Kangkang Ge, Pierre‐Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Sander Ratso, Einar Karu, Alberto Varzi, Juan Pablo Badillo, Andrea Hainthaler, Akshaya S. Sidharthan, Andrea Balducci, Obinna Egwu Eleri, Amaia Sáenz de Buruaga, Javier Olarte, Juan Dayron Lopez Cardona, Fatemeh Bahmei, Sebastián Pinto Bautista, Marcel Weil, Jon Ajuria
Abstract
Abstract Now that fast action is needed to mitigate the effects of climate change, developing new technologies to reduce the worldwide carbon footprint is critical. Sodium ion capacitors can be a key enabler for widespread transport electrification or massive adoption of renewable technologies. However, a years‐long journey needs to be made from the first proof‐of‐concept report to a degree of maturity for technology transfer to the market. To shorten this path, this work gathers all the stakeholders involved in the technical development of the sodium ion capacitor technology, covering the whole value chain from academics (TRL 1–3) and research centers (TRL3–5) to companies and end‐users (TRL 6–9). A 360‐degree perspective is given on how to focus the research and technology development of sodium ion capacitors, or related electrochemical energy storage technologies, from understanding underlying operation mechanisms to setting up end‐user specifications and industrial requirements for materials and processes. This is done not only in terms of performance metrics, but mainly considering relevant practical parameters, i. e., processability, scalability, and cost, leading up to the final sustainability evaluation of the whole of the technology by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis, which is of utmost importance for society and policymakers.