High-Gain Broadband Millimeter-Wave Multidimensional Metasurface for Generating Two Independent Vortex Waves
Baiyang Liu, Yin Li, Amir Khurrum Rashid, Xiaonan Jiang, Sai‐Wai Wong, Xiao Zhang, Kam‐Weng Tam, Qingfeng Zhang
Abstract
The independent control of two orthogonal polarizations that possess dual functionalities is highly desirable in antenna and wireless communication technologies. Spin-decoupled metasurfaces with integrated dynamic and geometric phases have been proposed to generate two independent right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized (RCP and LCP, respectively) waves. However, the RCP and LCP phases are correlated by a linear equation of the dynamic and geometric phases. In this article, we propose a meta-atom in which the 1 b phase of two orthogonal polarizations can be controlled independently. Moreover, a high-gain broadband millimeter-wave multidimensional metasurface to generate an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -polarized <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l=0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> beam with a 10° beam deflection and a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -polarized <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l=+1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> beam independently is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The proposed metasurface operating over the frequency range of 16–28 GHz has the maximum gains of 28.7 and 23.8 dBi for the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l=0\,\,x$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -polarized waves and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l=+1\,\,y$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -polarized waves, respectively. Compared with spin-decoupled metasurfaces, the proposed metasurface provides a simpler design process to generate two independent vortex beams for the two orthogonal polarizations. The proposed vortex metasurface also has the advantages of dual polarization, high gain, wide relative bandwidth, and is broadband. The proposed metasurface has potential application in high-capacity communication systems.