Technology advancements in spinal endoscopy for staged management of painful spine conditions
Friedrich Tieber, Kai‐Uwe Lewandrowski
Abstract
The development of endoscopy, in general, reflects the medical history of the last 200 years in an extraordinary way. It is so extraordinary because endoscopy expanded into almost all fields of medicine, including ENT, urology, gynecology, orthopedics, and neurosurgery.
Topics & Concepts
EndoscopyNeurosurgeryMedicineGeneral surgeryOrthopedic surgerySurgeryMedical physicsSpine and Intervertebral Disc PathologyAnesthesia and Pain ManagementCervical and Thoracic Myelopathy