Comparative Effectiveness of ERCP and EUS-Guided Techniques for “Primary Biliary Drainage” in Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction
Zaheer Nabi, Jayanta Samanta, Jahnvi Dhar, Mona Aggarwal, Jahangeer Basha, Amrit Gahra, Aman Golchha, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Antonio Facciorusso, Sundeep Lakhtakia, D. Nageshwar Reddy
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is a viable alternative in cases with failed ERCP transpapillary drainage (ERCP-TPD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of EUS-BD and ERCP-TPD for primary biliary drainage in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO). METHODS: We searched Embase, PubMed, and Medline databases for studies comparing EUS-BD and ERCP-TPD in DMBO, from inception until September 2023. The primary endpoint was clinical success and secondary endpoints included technical success, procedure duration, and adverse events. RESULTS: Eight studies (815 patients, 56.1% male) were included in this analysis. Indications for biliary drainage were pancreatic carcinoma (75.1%), followed by cholangiocarcinoma (10.1%). Clinical success was comparable between EUS-BD and ERCP-TPD groups (OR 1.34; 95% CI, 0.75-2.40; P =0.32). Technical success was similar between the 2 groups (OR 2.09; 95% CI, 0.83-5.25; P =0.12). There was a trend toward fewer adverse events in the EUS-BD group (OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.40-1.07; P =0.09), with significantly lower odds of post-procedure pancreatitis (OR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.50; P =0.001). CONCLUSION: EUS-BD is comparable to ERCP for primary biliary drainage in DMBO patients with shorter procedural time and a significantly reduced risk of post-procedure pancreatitis.