Circular RNAs, miRNAs, and Exosomes: Their Roles and Importance in Amyloid‐Beta and Tau Pathologies in Alzheimer’s Disease
Mukaddes Pala, Şenay Görücü Yılmaz
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. The pathology of this disease is based on two basic mechanisms: amyloid‐beta (A β ) and tau fibrillation. Many genes and mechanisms have been identified as the primary causes of AD in clinical settings, and there have been exciting developments in drug treatments. Several molecules and biological structures regulate the genome outside of the standard DNA function. As in many diseases, circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes (EXOs), investigated from different aspects of AD, are useful for treatment and diagnosis. This review examines two biological elements regarding their roles in the A β ‐tau pathology of AD and their potential as treatment targets. Importantly, the activities of miRNAs that play a role in these processes were evaluated. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT04120493, NCT04969172, NCT04388982