Human microglia phenotypes in the brain associated with HIV infection
Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki, Yi Zhou, Christopher K. Glass
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in individuals infected with HIV is highly prevalent despite life-long antiretroviral therapy. A growing line of evidence suggests that the human brain serves as a sanctuary for HIV persistence. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain parenchyma, may serve as a reservoir for HIV and drive the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding microglia diversity in HIV regarding their epigenome, transcriptome, and function.
Topics & Concepts
MicrogliaNeurocognitiveNeuroscienceInnate immune systemEpigenomeHuman brainHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)PhenotypeTranscriptomeBiologyImmune systemImmunologyMedicineCognitionInflammationGeneDNA methylationGeneticsGene expressionNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsHIV Research and TreatmentTryptophan and brain disorders