Titanium-Catalyzed Selective <i>N</i>-Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols via Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology
Rahul Upadhyay, Sushil K. Maurya
Abstract
The N -alkylation of amines with alcohols using earth-abundant and nonprecious metal catalysts has gained considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. We described titanium-catalyzed synthetic protocol for N -alkylation of amines with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer reactions. The methodology enables the selective monoalkylation of various substituted (hetero)aromatic amines in good to excellent yields (up to 97% yield). The importance of the protocol was further demonstrated by the applicability of earth-abundant metal catalysis and the synthesis of 32 N -alkylated amines. The work allows the utilization of titanium-based catalysts for various reactions to expand the nature blueprint in catalysis.