A Secure Intra-Regional-Inter-Regional Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading System for Electric Vehicles
Kairan Zhao, Meng Zhang, Rongxing Lu, Chao Shen
Abstract
Peer-to-peer (P2P) trading is becoming a prominent topic and demonstrating the development trend of integration with other theories in order to achieve an efficient allocation of electricity resources in the electric vehicle (EV) market. In this article, we present a novel <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</u> ecure i <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</u> tra-regional- <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</u> nter-regional <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</u> 2 <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</u> <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</u> lectricity <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</u> rading <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</u> ystem (SNIPPETS) for EVs. A trading information prediction model is constructed based on Ensemble Learning, upon which an intra-regional-inter-regional trading mechanism is proposed to find the optimal electricity allocation strategy, including the price and volume of electricity traded between EVs, in order to maximize the regional overall social welfare. In the intra-regional-inter-regional trading mechanism, multi-objective optimization is performed within each region to coordinately maximize the benefits of different types of EVs, followed by an investigation of pricing competition among neighboring regions based on a supermodular game. Furthermore, blockchain is introduced to support transaction payments and improve data security and privacy. Finally, the proposed SNIPPETS is validated through case studies. Compared to the traditional energy trading system and representative existing trading systems, SNIPPETS can effectively improve the regional overall social welfare and has higher computational efficiency.