Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM<sub>2.5</sub>, BC, NO<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub>: An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project.
Bert Brunekreef, Maciej Strak, Jie Chen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Marie-Christine Boutron, Jorgen Brandt, Iain Carey, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Kees de Hoogh, Danny Houthuijs, Ulla Hvidtfeldt, Nicole Janssen, Jeanette Jorgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem Klompmaker, Norun Hjertager Krog, Shuo Liu, Petter Ljungman, Amar Mehta, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Ole Raaschou‐Nielsen, Matteo Renzi, Sophia Rodopoulou, Evi Samoli, Per Schwarze, Torben Sigsgaard, Massimo Stafoggia, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Gerard Hoek
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: . METHODS: as potential thresholds. Performance of threshold models versus the corresponding no-threshold linear model were evaluated using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). RESULTS: model on average, but in individual cohorts, substantial differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: . Associations mostly showed steeper slopes at low exposures with no indication of a threshold.